Transsphenoidal surgery is a special operation to fix problems in the pituitary gland, a tiny gland at the base of our brain. Around the world, pituitary tumours affect about 10-15% of people with brain tumours, which is quite a lot. This surgery is necessary because it helps treat these tumours and related issues like craniopharyngiomas and Rathke’s cleft cysts. It’s not too harsh and can really help people with these problems.
In this blog, we’ll explain transsphenoidal surgery, why it’s needed, and how it’s done so that people can better understand this essential medical treatment.
What Is Transsphenoidal Surgery?
Transsphenoidal surgery is the most common procedure for removing a tumour of the pituitary gland. Rather than opening up the skull in a traditional craniotomy, the neurosurgeon reaches the tumour through the nasal passages and the sphenoid sinus. This less-invasive approach allows the neurosurgeon to avoid important brain structures by accessing the pituitary gland from underneath the brain. This surgery leaves no visible scar, minimises the risk of complications, and enables faster recovery.
How Is Transsphenoidal Surgery Done?
Here’s how it’s typically performed:
Anaesthesia
The patient is given general anaesthesia, which puts them into a deep sleep and ensures they feel no pain during the surgery. This anaesthesia is administered by an anesthesiologist, who monitors the patient’s vital signs throughout the procedure.
Nasal Passage Preparation
To access the pituitary gland, the surgeon inserts an endoscope through one of the nostrils. The endoscope is a thin tube with a light and a camera at the end, allowing the surgeon to see inside the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus.
Opening the Sphenoid Sinus
The surgeon makes a small incision either inside the nose or under the upper lip to access the sphenoid sinus. This sinus is a small, air-filled cavity located behind the nasal passages and below the brain.
Accessing the Pituitary Gland
Using specialised surgical instruments, the surgeon creates a narrow passage through the sphenoid bone. This passage provides access to the pituitary gland, which lies just behind the sphenoid sinus.
Tumour Removal or Treatment
Once the pituitary gland is accessed, the surgeon can remove tumours or treat other abnormalities. This is done using small instruments inserted through the endoscope. In some cases, medication or other treatments may be applied to the gland.
Closure
After the surgery is completed, the incision inside the nose or under the upper lip is closed. This may be done with dissolvable stitches or left to heal naturally, depending on the surgeon’s preference and the specific case.
Dr Vikas explains, “After a transsphenoidal surgery, the patient’s recovery process is crucial. It typically involves staying in the hospital for a few days for observation. Patients may experience some discomfort, swelling, or nasal drainage, which is normal. It’s important to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your healthcare team, which may include taking medications, avoiding strenuous activities, and attending follow-up appointments. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks, but it’s essential to follow your doctor’s advice for a smooth recovery.”
What Are its Benefits and Risks?
Transsphenoidal surgery offers several benefits for treating pituitary gland disorders, including:
- Minimally Invasive: The surgery is minimally invasive, meaning it involves less tissue cutting than traditional surgery. This can lead to faster recovery and less scarring.
- Direct Access: It provides direct access to the pituitary gland without the need for a more invasive approach, such as craniotomy (opening the skull).
- Effective: It is an effective treatment for pituitary tumours and other epithelial abnormalities, often resulting in improved hormone levels and symptoms.
- Reduced Risk of Complications: Compared to traditional surgery, transsphenoidal surgery carries a lower risk of complications such as infection and damage to surrounding tissues.
However, there are also risks associated with this surgery, including:
- Damage to Surrounding Structures: There is a risk of damaging nearby structures such as nerves, blood vessels, or the brain.
- Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the surgical site.
Overall, this surgery is considered safe and effective for treating pituitary gland disorders. Still, it is essential to discuss the benefits and risks with a healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure.
A happy patient of Dr Vikas shared, “After years of struggling with hormonal imbalances due to a pituitary tumour, I finally underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The procedure was minimally invasive, and I experienced minimal discomfort. The recovery process was smooth, and I noticed a significant improvement in my symptoms shortly after surgery. I am grateful to Dr. Vikas and his team for their expertise and care.”
What Is the Cost of Transsphenoidal Surgery in India?
The cost of transsphenoidal surgery in India typically ranges from USD 2,700 to USD 6,800, which is approximately INR 2,00,000 to INR 5,00,000. This cost covers various aspects of the surgery, including the surgeon’s fee, hospital charges, anaesthesia, pre-operative tests, and post-operative care. However, actual costs may vary based on factors such as the hospital’s location, the surgeon’s experience, and any additional medical requirements. It’s advisable to consult with the healthcare provider for a precise cost estimate.
Conclusion
Transsphenoidal surgery helps people with pituitary tumours. It’s a gentle way to remove these growths, offering a path to feeling better and living well. This surgery gives hope and a chance for a brighter future. After the surgery, people often feel much better and can enjoy life more. Each successful surgery brings us closer to beating these tumours and helping more people live healthier lives.
FAQs
What conditions can transsphenoidal surgery treat?
Transsphenoidal surgery can treat pituitary tumours, craniopharyngiomas, and Rathke’s cleft cysts.
How long does transsphenoidal surgery take?
The duration of transsphenoidal surgery typically ranges from 1 to 4 hours, depending on the complexity of the case.
Is transsphenoidal surgery painful?
Patients are given general anaesthesia so they do not feel pain during transsphenoidal surgery. Some discomfort may occur during the recovery period.
Are there any dietary restrictions after transsphenoidal surgery?
Patients may be advised to avoid certain foods that can increase nasal congestion, such as spicy or hot foods, during the initial recovery period.
How long does it take to recover from transsphenoidal surgery?
Full recovery from transsphenoidal surgery can take several weeks, during which patients may experience some discomfort, swelling, or nasal congestion.
Explore more blogs: Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: What To Expect?
