Neuro-oncology, the specialised field dedicated to understanding and treating brain and central nervous system tumors, is an area of critical medical importance.
An estimated 700,000 individuals grapple with primary brain tumors, as reported by the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS). These tumors pose a substantial challenge, with an incidence rate of approximately 7.38 cases per 100,000 people annually.
Even more alarming is the fact that brain and CNS tumors stand as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children and adolescents under the age of 20, underlining the urgency of research and treatment development in this field.
The prognosis for certain aggressive brain tumors, such as glioblastoma, remains disheartening, with a 5-year relative survival rate as low as 7%. Brain tumors, though affecting individuals of all ages, exhibit variations in prevalence, being notably more common in children, older adults, and males.
Dr. Vikas Gupta says, “To navigate the intricate landscape of neuro-oncology, treatment approaches are multifaceted and dependent on factors such as tumor type, location, and the overall health of the patient.”
A ray of hope shines in the form of a 5-year relative survival rate of 34.2% for all primary malignant brain and CNS tumors, a testament to the progress made in the field.
In this blog, we will explore the world of neuro-oncology, highlighting its significance, ongoing research, and the impact of statistical facts in shaping the field.
What is Neuro-Oncology?
Neuro-oncology studies tumors that affect the brain and central nervous system. These tumors can develop from brain tissue or spread to the brain from other body regions (metastatic tumors).
Gliomas, which include glioblastomas, astrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas, are the most common primary brain tumors.
Neuro-oncologists collaborate with neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals to provide multidisciplinary treatment to patients with CNS tumors.
Neuro-oncology’s primary aims are to correctly identify and categorise brain tumors, select the appropriate treatment method, and provide supportive care to patients to enhance their quality of life.
What are the Advancements in Neuro-Oncology?
In recent years, neuro-oncology has seen tremendous advances that have changed the detection and treatment of brain and CNS tumors. Here are some significant developments:
Precision Medicine:
Precision medicine in neuro-oncology is a personalised treatment depending on the genetic and molecular features of the tumor. This method has enhanced therapy effectiveness while decreasing adverse effects.
Immunotherapy:
Immunotherapy, remarkably immune checkpoint inhibitors, is being investigated as a viable therapeutic option for some forms of brain tumors. Checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have shown promise in treating recurrent glioblastoma.
Radiation Therapy:
Advances in radiation therapy techniques, such as stereotactic radiosurgery, have allowed for more accurate tumor targeting while protecting healthy brain tissue.
Surgical Innovations:
The use of minimally invasive surgical methods and intraoperative imaging has improved the safety and efficacy of brain tumor removal.
Personalised Medicine:
Anti-angiogenic medicines and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are employed in targeted therapy to limit the formation of blood vessels that feed tumors.
Clinical Research:
Neuro-oncology clinical trials provide patients with access to cutting-edge treatments and therapies in development, which is critical for moving the field forward.
What are the Ongoing Researches on Neuro-Oncology?
Dr. Vikas states, “Neuro-oncology is a rapidly evolving subject with ongoing research efforts aiming at better understanding brain tumors and generating more effective therapies.”
Here are some current topics of neuro-oncology research:
Profiling at the Genomic Level:
Researchers are performing thorough genomic analyses of brain tumors to detect genetic changes that can be targeted with specialized medicines.
Biomarker Identification:
The hunt for biomarkers in blood or cerebrospinal fluid that might help in early tumor identification and treatment response is ongoing.
Immunotherapy Progress:
Immunotherapy research in neuro-oncology is growing, emphasizing generating more effective and tailored immune-based therapies.
Biopsies in Liquid:
By detecting circulating tumor DNA, liquid biopsies are being examined as a less intrusive method of monitoring disease progression and therapy response.
Therapies in Combination:
To improve therapeutic outcomes, researchers are investigating the possible benefits of combining multiple treatment techniques, such as immunotherapy with radiation or chemotherapy.
Neuro-Oncology in Children:
Pediatric brain tumor research attempts to enhance treatment choices and prevent long-term adverse effects in children with CNS tumors.
Survival and Quality of Life:
The psychosocial and quality-of-life components of brain tumor survivors must be studied to provide complete treatment.
What is the Future of Neuro-oncology?
Both patients and healthcare professionals may look forward to a bright future in neuro-oncology.
“As research advances, more emphasis is placed on early identification, personalized therapy, and improving patients’ quality of life,” says Dr. Vikas.
Collaboration amongst multidisciplinary teams, including neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, and researchers, will be critical in improving treatment results and expanding our understanding of brain and CNS tumors.
Thus, Neuro-oncology is a critical and expanding discipline dedicated to studying, detecting, and treating tumors of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). The incidence and severity of various disorders are shown statistically, emphasizing the importance of continued study and breakthroughs.
The journey towards improving treatment outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for neuro-oncology patients continues, offering hope and progress in the fight against these complex and challenging diseases.
Conclusion:
Neuro-oncology stands as a dynamic and increasingly hopeful field. Driven by cutting-edge research, personalised treatment approaches, and the unwavering dedication of medical professionals, significant strides are being made in the fight against brain and central nervous system tumors. While challenges remain, the future of neuro-oncology promises continued progress and, ultimately, better outcomes for patients and their families.
Explore more blogs: Role of Neuro Intervention in Neurological Care
